Scarcity of Water in Karnataka & India
Water scarcity is a growing concern in Karnataka and across India due to factors like population growth, climate change, poor water management, and deforestation.
Causes:
- Low Rainfall & Droughts: Many regions, especially in Karnataka, experience irregular monsoons.
- Over-extraction of Groundwater: Excessive use for agriculture and industries depletes water tables.
- Deforestation & Urbanization: Loss of forests reduces water retention, and rapid urban growth increases demand.
- Pollution: Rivers and lakes are contaminated by industrial waste and sewage.
Effects:
- Reduced drinking water availability.
- Decline in agricultural productivity.
- Increased farmer distress and migration to cities.
- Water conflicts between states (e.g., Cauvery river dispute).
As per 2020 : 600 million people experiencing high to extreme water stress, and projections indicating further decreases in per capita water availability.
This Report as per 2013 research paper .
IN Bengaluru
IN KARNATAKA
Solutions:
- Promote rainwater harvesting.
- Improve irrigation efficiency.
- Implement water recycling and wastewater treatment.
- Encourage afforestation and watershed management.
- Enforce stricter pollution control measures.
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Permanent Solutions to Avoid Water Scarcity
To ensure long-term water availability in Karnataka and across India, a combination of sustainable strategies is needed:
1. Water Conservation & Efficient Use
- Rainwater Harvesting: Mandate rooftop rainwater harvesting for homes, apartments, and industries.
2. Groundwater Recharge
- Rejuvenation of Lakes & Ponds: Restore traditional water bodies to improve groundwater levels.
3. Sustainable Urban Planning
- Wastewater Recycling: Encourage reuse of treated wastewater for non-drinking purposes (irrigation, industries).
4. Policy & Community Involvement
- Strict Water Usage Laws: Implement penalties for excessive water use and incentives for conservation.
5. Climate Change Adaptation
- Promote drought-resistant crops to reduce dependence on excessive irrigation.
- Develop desalination plants in coastal areas to convert seawater into potable water.
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